ABSTRACT
Aim: To compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children in Egor Local Government Area (LGA) using body mass index (BMI) and bioelectricial impedance analysis (BIA) and determine the ability of body mass index (BMI) to predict body fat mass as measured by bioelectricial impedance analysis (BIA). Study Design: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State of Nigeria with1067 children aged 6-18 years recruited from private and public schools. Body mass index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters while Body fat was estimated by BIA using a Tanita scale. Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in selected private and public primary/secondary schools in Egor LGA of Edo State. The study was conducted over a three-month period from October to December 2017. Methodology: Using multi-stage sampling technique,1067 children aged 6-18 years were recruited from private and public schools in Egor Local Government Area in Benin City, Nigeria. Body fat was estimated by BIA using a Tanita scale, whereas BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 1067 pupils consisting of 538 (50.4%) males and 529 (49.6%) females were recruited. The overall prevalence of overnutrition by BMI, 13.4% (overweight 9.6% and obesity 3.8%) was comparable to that by BIA which was 12.4% (overweight 5.4% and obesity 6.9%). BMI showed a strong positive correlation with fat mass, and fat mass index especially in females (0.917, 0.907, p < 0.000). Conclusion: The prevalence of overnutrition using BMI and BIA was comparable. The prevalence of obesity is however underestimated with BMI.
ABSTRACT
Background: Metformin hydrochloride tablets are the most commonly prescribed drug for the management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. This has resulted in increased importation and manufacturing of various brands of the tablets in Nigeria. Objective: To evaluate the pharmaceutical quality of different brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets available in Abuja, Nigeria. Method: Ten brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets were purchased and subjected to pharmaceutical quality evaluations such as friability, hardness, disintegration and dissolution tests. Content of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was determined using spectrophotometric analysis as well as reverse phasehigh performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).Results: All the brands were elegantly labelled, packaged and within their shelf lives. With exception of one brand, they all had NAFDAC registration number. The weight uniformity, friability, hardness and disintegration time values for all the brands were within acceptable limits. Three brands of the products released less than 70 % of their API after 45 min and therefore failed the dissolution test. There was disparity between content assay results using UV spectrophotometry and HPLC. HPLC results showed that only brand failed the test by having 86 % of the API while with UV spectrophotometry; four brands failed the test.Conclusion: This investigation suggest that four brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets available in Abuja, did not met official specifications even though only one brand was implicated by HPLC analysis. Consequently, this research would recommend continuous sentinel surveillance of metformin tablets and the use of HPLC for product analysis for its high sensitivity and accuracy
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Metformin , Nigeria , SpectrophotometryABSTRACT
The claimed hepatoprotective effect of the root of Uvaria afzelii Sc. Elliot (Annonaceae) was investigated using the Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats as a template. The methanolic extract of U. afzelii co-comittantly administered with carbon tetrachloride at doses of 125, 250 and 500mg/kg was found to significantly (p<0.05) reduce the levels of alanine aminotransfarase (AST), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total and un-conjugated bilirubin, while levels of total protein and albumin were significantly increased in a non dose-dependent pattern, compared to animals treated with carbon tetrachloride alone, where the activity of ALT, AST, ALT, total and un-conjugated bilirubin increased and that of total protein and serum albumin decreased. Histopathological examinations supported the biochemical results. This study conclusively provides scientific validation for the use of extract of the root of U. afzelii in ethnomedicine to manage jaundice and liver injury.